Social Studies
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Avoid These Mistakes: How to Lead Sustainable Organizational Change
by Lorraine D. Ledger, M.S. Successful organizational transformations do not happen by chance, but must be carefully planned, implemented, and sustained within the organization’s culture. Business guru John Kotter, in his best selling…
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Do Adults Learn in a Different Way from Children?
by Lorraine D. Ledger, M.S. The belief that adults learn through a different process than children undergirds the assumptions of popular adult learning theories, but some experts don’t agree with this view. When…
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The Ways Children Grow-up to Become Prejudiced Adults
by Lorraine Ledger The important thing to remember about how people become prejudiced is that it takes time—lots of time—throughout childhood, adolescence and into adulthood. It must be learned. In the early years…
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A Brief Discussion: Ethnic & Bicultural Identity Formation in American Society
by Lorraine Ledger The ethnic identity formation process, which culminates in adulthood, is strongly affected by the interaction of social and cognitive development variables throughout childhood and adolescence. Young children first learn…
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Black lives matter.
Throughout the recent protests and civil unrest across the United States, one ubiquitous manifestation of people’s outrage and calls for justice has been their exercise of America’s First Amendment right of free speech,…
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Painting the Town
Aymaran architect Freddy Mamani Silvestre, a mostly self-taught Bolivian artist, has been gradually transforming the city of El Alto from a drab, boxy display of mid-century industrialism into a colorful, uplifting expression of his native…
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Sudanese Artists Lead Revolution
Earlier this year, the BBC reported on the way artists –painters and musicians, mostly– have taken over the city of Khartoum in the Sudan of Africa in support of the revolution taking place there.…
